Zero emission vehicle
From DDL Wiki
A zero emission vehicle (ZEV) is a vehicle itself that produces no emissions or pollution from the vehicle when stationary or operating. According to California Air Resources Board (CARB)'s definition<ref>http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/solutions/advanced_vehicles_and_fuels/californias-zero-emission-3.html </ref>, a ZEV is a car has:
- No tailpipe emissions
- No evaporative emissions
- No emissions from gasoline refining or sales
- No onboard emission-control systems that can deteriorate over time
Contents |
CARB ZEV program
CARB established the ZEV program in 1990 to meet air quality goals. New 2005 and subsequent model year vehicles that produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any and all possible operational modes and conditions with certain excepts for fuel-fired heaters are classified as ZEVs.
ZEV vehicles
ZEV program currently recognizes four categories of vehicle <ref>Green Car Congress, California Air Resources Board Votes to Modify ZEV Program in Short-Term; Complete Overhaul to Begin for New ZEV II, http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/03/california-air.html</ref>:
| Category | Vehicle Acronym | Vehicles |
|---|---|---|
| Gold | ZEV | hydrogen fuel cell (FCV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) |
| Silver+ | Enhanced AT-PZEV | plug-in hybrids or hydrogen-ICE |
| Silver | AT-PZEV | Hybrid, compressed natural gas, methanol fuel cell |
| Bronze | PZEV | Extremely clean conventional vehicle |
According to the latest ZEV definitions, there are six types of ZEVs<ref>CARB, The 2008 ZEV Program Fact Sheet, http://arbis.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/factsheets/2008zevfacts.pdf</ref>:
| ZEV Type | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Type I | 50-75 mile EV | Limited Range Battery EV |
| Type I.5 | 75-100 mile EV | City Electric Vehicle |
| Type II | 100-200 mile EV | Full function Battery EV |
| Type III |
| Fuel Cell or BEV |
| Type IV | 200+EV with fast refueling | Fuel Cell |
| Type V | 300+EV with fast refueling | Fuel Cell |
ZEV Program History
| Plan Year | 1998 | 2001 | 2003 | 2012-2014 | 2015-2017 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 Plan (failed) | 2% | 5% | 10% | - | ||
| 1996 Changes (failed) | removed | 10% | - | |||
| 2001 Resolution | - | 10% | - | 16% | ||
| 2002 | CA government was sued by automakers | |||||
| 2007 Plan (active) | - | 25,000+ | 50,000+ | |||
| 2008 New Option (active) | - |
| ||||
Latest Update
In March 2008, California Air Resources Board (CARB) made a resolution for providing ZEV production option to automakers.<ref>CARB, Preliminary Summary of Air Resources Board Action (3/27/08) for ZEV Program, http://arbis.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/zevreview/summary.pdf</ref>. Basically the option is added due to foreseeing feasibility and popularity of PHEV (Enhanced AT PZEVs).
| Gold Vehicle | Silver+ (PHEV) | |
|---|---|---|
| Existing Req. (Phase III: 2012-14) |
25,000+ | 0 |
| New option (Phase III: 2012-14) |
|
58,333+ |
| Existing Req. (Phase IV: 2015-17) |
50,000+ | 0 |
| New option (Phase IV: 2015-17) |
25,000 pure ZEVs (if option is taken) |
The resolution also increase the credit for long range FCVs from 5 to 7 credits and redefine long range to 300 miles.
References
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