Crossbow
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===DFM/DFA=== | ===DFM/DFA=== | ||
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===DFE Analysis=== | ===DFE Analysis=== | ||
Revision as of 16:56, 1 February 2014
Contents |
DFM/DFA
DFE Analysis
| DFE Guideline | Good Aspects of Competitor Product and Ideas for Improvement |
|---|---|
| 0. New Concept Development | Remove fasteners to allow a snap-fit design.
Integrate a quiver into the crossbow itself, instead of having it as a separate part. Add a loading mechanism that does not require a very significant force input from the user. |
| 1. Select Low Impact Materials | Crossbow:
Aluminum, Fiberglass, Steel Bolt: Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Sling: Nylon, Foam
|
| 2. Reduce Material Amount | Slots in the crossbow body reduce mass
Limb is removable to reduce transport volume The "snap-fit" design would reduce material amount by removing the need for fasteners |
| 3. Eco-Manufacturing | Camouflage is wrapped, but powder coating may offer some advantages.
Manufacturing requires no welding or soldering. Very little machining is used. The body is manufactured via injection molding, as evidenced by visible injection pins. Using recycled aluminum instead of virgin aluminum may offer energy savings. |
| 4. Optimize Distribution | Packaging is very minimalistic. |
| 5. Reduce Use-Phase Impact | Crossbow is human-powered using potential energy.
All parts are reusable. |
| 6. Maximize The First Life | Reliability and durability are increased by having a very simple design.
Scope and scope accessories are easily replaceable, but the device still has room for improvement regarding modularity. The grip and stock could be more easily removable. |
| 7. End of Life | Crossbow and bolts are either retired or discarded. |
Product Life Cycle Analysis
| Life Cycle Stage | Description | Inputs | Outputs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Material Extraction | Steel from Iron Ore
Plastic from Petroleum Fiberglass Raw materials must be processed. | Iron Ore
Aluminum Ore Petroleum Silica sand Limestone Polyacrylonitrile (synthetic) | Steel
Aluminum Fiberglass Plastic Carbon Fiber |
| Production
| Manufacturing materials are
made into components. | Steel
Aluminum Fiberglass Plastic Carbon Fiber | Components |
| Use | Archery, Hunting | Crossbow, Bolts | Shooting Crossbow |
| End of Life | Retiring/Disposal | Crossbow, Bolts | Landfill |
| Transportation | Airplane, Boat, Truck | Fuel, Crossbow, Bolts | Crossbow, Bolts |
EIOCLA
The economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOCLA) was used to determine the environmental impact of the production of an individual crossbow and to gauge whether or not a CO2 tax would affect the economics of this product. A baseline economic activity of $1,000,000 was used for data generation and then later scaled down in order to generate more relatable data.
| Item | Crossbow | Bolts |
|---|---|---|
| Sector # and Name | 339920
Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing | 339920
Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing |
| Reference Unit | 1 crossbow | 1 bolt |
| Units consumed per product life | 1 crossbow | 6 bolts
|
| Retail cost per unit (2002) | $121.00 | $25.70 |
| Lifetime cost | $121.00 | $25.70 |
| Sector mtCO2e Per $1M | 613 tons | 613 tons |
| Implied mtCO2e per Product Life | 0.074 tons | 0.016 tons |
| CO2 Tax @ $30/mtCO2e | $2.23 | $0.47
|
