Hybrid electric vehicle
From DDL Wiki
The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle using combined power sources from a conventional propulsion system with energy storage system to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle and reduce emissions during driving. HEVs usually use an internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric battery modules to power electric motors.
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Power Train Configurations
Series Hybrid
Hybrids with this power train configuration use an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to turn a generator which in turn supplies current to an electric motor, which then rotates the vehicles drive wheel. A battery or capacitor pack or a combination of the two can be used to store excessive charge. This arrangement requires no transmission. I also allows the engine to run at maximum efficiency. Some of the drawbacks of this configuration are that ti needs to include a separate electric generator distinct from the motor that is driving the wheels. It also suffers from the inherent inefficiency of having to convert the mechanical power produced by the engine to electrical power and then back to mechanical power.
Parallel Hybrid
Parallel Hybrid can simultaneously transmit power to their drive wheel from two distinct energy sources such as ICE and a battery powered electric drive. Although most parallel hybrids incorporate electric motors between a vehicles engine and transmission a parallel hybrid can also use its engine to drive one of the vehicle axles while the its electric motor drives its other axle and/or a generator for recharging the battery (this configuration is also called the road coupled hybrid). Parallel hybrids can be programmed to use the electric mode to substitute for the ICE at lower power demands as well as substantially increase the power available to a smaller ICE, both of which substantially increase the fuel economy as compared to simple ICE vehicles.
Split Series/Parallel Hybrids
This type of drivetrain have the flexibility to operate either in series or parallel mode, also known as series parallel with power split.
Government Incentives for HEVs
The following table lists that the government policies for promoting HEV sales<ref>Diamond, D. (2009) "The impact of government incentives for hybrid-electric vehicles: Evidence from US states," Energy Policy, 37: 972-983</ref>.
| Time frame | Government | Policy |
| Until 2005 | Federal | $2000 tax deduction regardless of make and model |
| 1/1/2006-present | Federal | Tax credit<ref>IRS, Credit Available for Taxpayers Who Purchased or Leased a Wide Range of Hybrid Models In 2007, http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=177061,00.html</ref> |
| To present | Colorado | $2500-6000 HEV incentive and rebate |
| To present | VA, CA, NY, NJ, FL and UT | Waivers for HOV lane<ref>Hybrid Incentives and Rebates - Region by Region, http://www.hybridcars.com/local-incentives/region-by-region.html</ref> |
External Link
References
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