US environmental regulation policies for vehicles
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Tax Incentive Type<ref>Yacobucci, Brent D. 2005. Tax Incentives for Alternative Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicles. CRS Report RS22351. http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/data/2005/meta-crs-9258.tkl </ref> | Tax Incentive Type<ref>Yacobucci, Brent D. 2005. Tax Incentives for Alternative Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicles. CRS Report RS22351. http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/data/2005/meta-crs-9258.tkl </ref> | ||
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! Tax Incentive Type !! Maximum Credits !! Expiration Date | ! Tax Incentive Type !! Maximum Credits !! Expiration Date | ||
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| $30,000 || Dec. 31, 2009 | | $30,000 || Dec. 31, 2009 | ||
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+ | ===American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009=== | ||
+ | Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Provisions<ref>American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr1ENR/pdf/BILLS-111hr1ENR.pdf</ref>: | ||
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+ | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" border="1" cellspacing="0" | ||
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+ | ! style="width:150px"|Topic !! style="width:100px"|Division !! Policy details !! Page | ||
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+ | ! Advanced battery manufacturing | ||
+ | | Department of Energy || $2 billion grants for the manufacturing of advanced batteries and components in the US, including advanced lithium ion batteries, hybrid electrical systems, component manufacturers, and software designers. || page 24 | ||
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+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Advanced technology vehicles manufacturing | ||
+ | | Department of Energy || $10 millions for administrative expenses for the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program. || page 26 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Energy-efficient federal motor vehicle fleet procurement | ||
+ | | Department of Energy || $300 millions for acquiring motor vehicles with higher fuel economy, including: hybrid vehicles; electric vehicles; and commercially-available, plug-in hybrid vehicles || page 36 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Temporary increase in tax credit for alternative fuel refueling property | ||
+ | | Tax Provisions || For 2009 and 2010, increase credit for retail installations to 50% and maximum credit to $50,000; increases residential credit to $2,000; for hydrogen retail infrastructure, maintains 30% credit but increases maximum to $200,000 || Page 211 | ||
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= US States Policies = | = US States Policies = |
Revision as of 17:15, 25 March 2009
In an effort to conserve national energy and to improve automobile efficiency, Congress enacted laws that help motivate vehicle manufacturers to invest in research and manufacturing of vehicles with higher fuel economy and better efficiency.
This list was compiled to gain a better understanding of U.S. policies on vehicle regulations and the effect they have on manufacturers and consumers. We wish to use this information in our optimization model, combining influence of policy with engineering goals and market demands and.
This is not exhausted list but it will be updated further ASAP.
Contents |
US Federal Policies
US government's energy policies and environmental regulations related to light-duty vehicles.
Year | Bill Title | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
2009 | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)<ref>American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=111_cong_bills&docid=f:h1enr.pdf</ref> |
|
2008 | Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA)<ref>Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_bills&docid=f:h1424enr.txt.pdf </ref> |
|
2008 | Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (the 2008 Farm Bill)<ref>Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_bills&docid=f:h2419enr.txt.pdf</ref> |
|
2007 | Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)<ref>Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=110_cong_bills&docid=f:h6enr.txt.pdf</ref><ref>Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: A Summary of Major Provisions. CRS Report RL34294. http://energy.senate.gov/public/_files/RL342941.pdf</ref> |
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2005 | Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) <ref>Energy Policy Act of 2005. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_bills&docid=f:h6enr.txt.pdf </ref> |
|
1992 | Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992)<ref>Energy Policy Act of 1992, TITLE V--AVAILABILITY AND USE OF REPLACEMENT FUELS, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, AND ALTERNATIVE FUELED PRIVATE VEHICLES. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/F?c102:1:./temp/~c102zuh1KD:e370796</ref> |
|
1975 | Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA)<ref>Title 42, Chapter 77 - Energy Conservation Act. http://www.earthscape.org/p1/ES15243/EPCA_ToC.html</ref> |
|
Current Policies
Federal environmental regulation policies for vehicles that are already enforced.
Emission Standards
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) is the required average fuel economy for a vehicle manufacturer's passenger cars and light trucks with gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of at most 8,500 lbs each year.
Gas Guzzler Tax
Energy Tax Act of 1978 imposed set gas guzzler tax penalties on car manufacturers who fail to meet the minimum fuel economy level of 22.5 mpg. This does not include minivans, sport utility vehicles or pick-up trucks. It is intended to discourage the production and purchase of fuel inefficient vehicles.
Alternative Fuel Tax Incentives
Currently there are several tax incentives for alternative fuels<ref>Brent D. Yacobucci, Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress. February 13, 2009http://opencrs.com/getfile.php?rid=80668</ref>:
- Tax credit for conventional ethanol: $0.45 per gallon (2009). (was $0.51 in 2008)
- Tax credit for biodiesel and renewable diesel: $1.00 per gallon
- Tax credit for other alternative fuels, e.g. LPG: $0.50 per gallon
- Tax credits for small ethanol and biodiesel producers: $.10 per gallon
- Tax credits for production of cellulosic biofuels:up to $1.01 per gallon
Summary of Alternative Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicle Tax Incentives Under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 Tax Incentive Type<ref>Yacobucci, Brent D. 2005. Tax Incentives for Alternative Fuel and Advanced Technology Vehicles. CRS Report RS22351. http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/data/2005/meta-crs-9258.tkl </ref>
Tax Incentive Type | Maximum Credits | Expiration Date |
---|---|---|
Hybrid vehicle | $3,400 | Dec. 31, 2009 |
Lean-burn vehicle | $3,400 | Dec. 31, 2010 |
Fuel-cell vehicle | $12,000 | Dec. 31, 2014 |
Alternative fuel vehicle | $4,000 | Dec. 31, 2010 |
Residential refueling infrastructure | $1,000 | Dec. 31, 2009 |
Retail refueling infrastructure | $30,000 | Dec. 31, 2009 |
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Provisions<ref>American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr1ENR/pdf/BILLS-111hr1ENR.pdf</ref>:
Topic | Division | Policy details | Page |
---|---|---|---|
Advanced battery manufacturing | Department of Energy | $2 billion grants for the manufacturing of advanced batteries and components in the US, including advanced lithium ion batteries, hybrid electrical systems, component manufacturers, and software designers. | page 24 |
Advanced technology vehicles manufacturing | Department of Energy | $10 millions for administrative expenses for the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program. | page 26 |
Energy-efficient federal motor vehicle fleet procurement | Department of Energy | $300 millions for acquiring motor vehicles with higher fuel economy, including: hybrid vehicles; electric vehicles; and commercially-available, plug-in hybrid vehicles | page 36 |
Temporary increase in tax credit for alternative fuel refueling property | Tax Provisions | For 2009 and 2010, increase credit for retail installations to 50% and maximum credit to $50,000; increases residential credit to $2,000; for hydrogen retail infrastructure, maintains 30% credit but increases maximum to $200,000 | Page 211
|
US States Policies
State-wide environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
Current Policies
State-wide environmental regulation policies for vehicles that are already enforced.
Feebate
A feebate is a policy to strengthen the market for environmentally preferable vehicles by charging a fee or paying a rebate to purchasers, depending on environmental performance and fuel efficiency of the vehicles.
California
Several important environmental regulations in California follows:
- Alternative Fuel Tax
- Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Requirements
- Emission Reduction Requirements
- Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements
California environmental regulation policies for vehicles
New York
Several important environmental regulations in Mew York follows:
- Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements
- Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Sales Requirement
- Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Economy Requirements – New York City
New York state environmental regulation policies for vehicles
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as US state environmental regulation policies for vehicles. (not updated yet)
EU Policies
European environmental regulation policies for vehicle.
Current Policies
European regulation policies for vehicle that is already enforced.
(Soon to be updated)
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as European environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
An Energy Policy for Europe (10/01/2007 )
Three-year action plan toward a common European every policy that would improve the continent's precarious energy security.
Canada Policies
Canadian environmental regulation policies for vehicle.
Current Policies
Canadian regulation policies for vehicle that is already enforced.
Fuel Economy
Currently there is no Fuel Economy set in Canada. However, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper has said that for the first time ever, Canada “will regulate the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles, beginning with the 2011 model year.”
See related article below.
Canada Will Regulate Vehicle Fuel Economy
Feebate
Canada uses Feebate system measures to encourage fuel-efficient vehicle purchase
-Green Levy (the gas guzzler tax): C$1000 to C$4000 tax on new passenger car vehicles (excluding trucks) with fuel consumption of 13.1 1/100km combined (18 mpg) or more
-Rebates: up to C$2000 in rebates for new cars getting 6.5 1/100km (36 mpg) or better and new light trucks getting 8.3 1/100km (28.3 mpg) or better
-Fuels: C$2.5 billion over seven years allocated towards an operating incentive to producers of renewable alternative to gasoline.
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as Canadian environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
(Soon to be updated)
Asia
Asian countries' environmental regulation policies for vehicle.
Current Policies
Asian countries' regulation policies for vehicle that is already enforced.
Japan's Fuel Economy
We are still looking into this information and will be updated ASAP.
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as Asian countris' environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
-Japan's higher Fuel Economy Regulation (April 2006)
-Fuel Economy Standards for Large Trucks and Buses (Dec 2006)
Japan's proposed environmental regulation policies for vehicles
References
<references/>
External Links
- EPA’s Fuel Economy and Emissions Programs
- NHSTA CAFE Overview
- U.S. Department of Energy - State & Federal Incentives & Laws
- FuelEconomy.gov Frequently Asked Questions
- Emission Standard Wikipedia
- Green Car Congress
- Google news - Senators offer new CAFE plan June, 21, 2007
- Canada will regulate vehicle fuel economy
- Canada Introduces Measures to Encourage Fuel-Efficient Vehicle Purchases