California environmental regulation policies for vehicles
From DDL Wiki
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Following regulations are California state laws regarding environmental regulations for vehicle. | Following regulations are California state laws regarding environmental regulations for vehicle. | ||
| - | = | + | = Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) = |
| - | + | New 2005 and subsequent model year vehicles that produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any and all possible operational modes and conditions with certain excepts for fuel-fired heaters are classified as ZEVs. | |
| + | THe following table shows how much manufacturers must produce and deliver for sale in California a minimum percentage ZEVs each model year | ||
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| + | ZEV program currently recognizes three categories of vehicle <ref>Green Car Congress, California Air Resources Board Votes to Modify ZEV Program in Short-Term; Complete Overhaul to Begin for New ZEV II, http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/03/california-air.html</ref>: | ||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | ||
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| - | ! | + | ! Level !! ZEV type !! Vehicles |
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| - | ! | + | ! Bronze |
| - | | | + | | PZEVs (Partial Zero Emission Vehicles) || clean gasoline vehicles |
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| - | ! | + | ! Silver |
| - | | | + | | AT-PZEVs (Advanced Technology PZEVs) || hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) |
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| - | ! | + | ! Gold |
| - | | | + | | ZEVs (Zero Emissions Vehicles) || hydrogen fuel cell (FCV) or battery electric vehicles (BEV) |
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| + | = Alternative Fuel Tax = | ||
| + | The following table shows excise tax imposed on compress natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as vehicle fuels can be paid through an annual flat-fee rate sticker tax based on vehicle weight. | ||
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| + | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Unladen Weight !! Fee | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! All passenger cars and other vehicles 2,000 lbs or less | ||
| + | | $36 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! More than 4,000 lbs. but less than 8,001 lbs. | ||
| + | | $72 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! More than 8,000 lbs. but less than 12,001 lbs. | ||
| + | | $120 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! 12,001 lbs. or more | ||
| + | | $168 | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | The excise tax on CNG, LNG and LPG that owners and operators may pay are $0.07 per cubic feet, $0.06 per gallon and LPG of $0.06 per gallon. Excise taxes on ethanol and methanol containing less than 15% gasoline or diesel fuel are reduced to $0.09 per gallon. | ||
Revision as of 07:12, 1 November 2008
Following regulations are California state laws regarding environmental regulations for vehicle.
Contents |
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV)
New 2005 and subsequent model year vehicles that produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any and all possible operational modes and conditions with certain excepts for fuel-fired heaters are classified as ZEVs. THe following table shows how much manufacturers must produce and deliver for sale in California a minimum percentage ZEVs each model year
ZEV program currently recognizes three categories of vehicle <ref>Green Car Congress, California Air Resources Board Votes to Modify ZEV Program in Short-Term; Complete Overhaul to Begin for New ZEV II, http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/03/california-air.html</ref>:
| Level | ZEV type | Vehicles |
|---|---|---|
| Bronze | PZEVs (Partial Zero Emission Vehicles) | clean gasoline vehicles |
| Silver | AT-PZEVs (Advanced Technology PZEVs) | hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) |
| Gold | ZEVs (Zero Emissions Vehicles) | hydrogen fuel cell (FCV) or battery electric vehicles (BEV) |
| 2005 - 2008 | 10% |
|---|---|
| 2009 - 2011 | 11% |
| 2012 - 2014 | 12% |
| 2015 - 2017 | 14% |
| 2018 and on | 16% |
Alternative Fuel Tax
The following table shows excise tax imposed on compress natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as vehicle fuels can be paid through an annual flat-fee rate sticker tax based on vehicle weight.
| Unladen Weight | Fee |
|---|---|
| All passenger cars and other vehicles 2,000 lbs or less | $36 |
| More than 4,000 lbs. but less than 8,001 lbs. | $72 |
| More than 8,000 lbs. but less than 12,001 lbs. | $120 |
| 12,001 lbs. or more | $168 |
The excise tax on CNG, LNG and LPG that owners and operators may pay are $0.07 per cubic feet, $0.06 per gallon and LPG of $0.06 per gallon. Excise taxes on ethanol and methanol containing less than 15% gasoline or diesel fuel are reduced to $0.09 per gallon.
Emission Reduction Requirements
A public transit bus rule adopted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulates public transit fleets and sets emission reduction standards for new urban transit buses. The rule allows transit fleets to choose one of two options in order to reduce their emissions to the required levels: using alternative fuels or clean diesel. A solid waste collection vehicle (SWCV) rule adopted by CARB regulates SWCV weighing 14,000 pounds or more, run on diesel fuel, have engines in model years from 1960 through 2006, and collect waste for a fee. Each year through 2010, waste companies are required to install Best Available Control Technology devices or purchase vehicles that run on compressed or liquefied natural gas, in order to reduce the diesel smoke coming from some of their waste collection trucks.
Carbon dioxide emission regulation
Regulation schedule
Fleet average greenhouse gas emission requirements (unit: CO2 gram per mile) <ref>http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/grnhsgas/revfro.pdf</ref>
- Cars: All passenger cars; light duty vehicle 0-3750 lbs. LVW)
- Light trucks: Light duty vehicle 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVW; MDPVs (3751-8500 lbs)
| Model year | Cars C02 g/mile | cars equv. mpg | Light trucks CO2 g/mile | Light trucks equv. mpg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 323 | 27.2 | 439 | 20.0 |
| 2010 | 301 | 29.2 | 420 | 20.9 |
| 2011 | 267 | 32.9 | 390 | 22.5 |
| 2012 | 233 | 37.7 | 361 | 24.3 |
| 2013 | 227 | 38.7 | 355 | 24.8 |
| 2014 | 222 | 39.6 | 350 | 25.1 |
| 2015 | 213 | 41.3 | 341 | 25.8 |
| 2016+ | 205 | 42.9 | 332 | 26.5 |
Calculation
Gasoline vehicle
Greenhouse gas emissions are measured CO2-equivalent grams per mile average using twp EPA drive cycles, "FTP" and "highway" test cycles (40 CFR, Part 86, Subpart B). The formulation is:
CO2-Equivalent Value = CO2 + 296 x N2O + 23 x CH4 - A/C Direct Emissions Allowance - A/C Indirect Emissions Allowance where A/C Direct Emissions Allowance = A – (B x C) A = 9 * CO2- equivalent grams per mile B = 9 * CO2 - equivalent g/mi * (GWP of refrigerant)/1300 C = 1, except for low-leak A/C system where C=1-(0.12*credit) where credit = 3.0*CO2-equivalent grams per mile
Alternative fuel vehicle
CO2-Equivalent Value = (CO2 + A/C Indirect Emissions) x (Fuel Adjustment Factor) + 296 x N2O + 23 x CH4 + A/C Direct Emissions
Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements
On and after January 1, 2006, when awarding a vehicle procurement contract, every city, county and special district, including a school district and a community college district, is authorized to require that 75% of the passenger cars and/or light-duty trucks acquired be energy-efficient vehicles. Vehicle procurement contracts are also authorized to evaluate fuel economy and life cycle factors. By definition, this includes hybrid vehicles or alternative fuel vehicles that meets California's advanced technology partial zero-emission vehicle (AT PZEV) standard for criteria pollutant emissions.
References
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