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Executive Summary

Market Research

Observational Studies

We went around Carnegie Mellon's campus and into University of Pittsburgh's campus and studied how users locked up their bikes. We were able to notice many interesting things, listed below.

Outside of Newell-Simon, This bike was locked to this fence instead of the bike rack across the path. This was either due to a pile of snow by the bike rack, the bike rack being full, or some other reason.	This person's chain has seen better days. Insufficient chain maintenance was one of the common reasons that bikes ended up at the repair shop we talked to. Rust and poor lubrication may cause mis-shifts and chain slips.	Frame and Helmet secured with a U-Lock, but not the front wheel, even though it is definitely possible in this configuration.
This lock has started to rust. This makes it less pleasant to handle. This bike is also locked to a bench instead of a rack, due to the reasons listed above. The transmission on this bike is rusted and it seems to have been parked for a long time, since it is covered in snow. The pile of snow certainly isn't helping the transmission.	This bike has its front wheel and frame locked to a bike rack. This person is also using the mounting point provided with the lock, seen on the seat post. Few bikes were seen using the provided mounting bracket	This bike, while it's frame and wheels are locked, was still stripped of everything. Handlebars, pedal, seatpost, transmission. We assume this bike was abandoned. Found by University of Pittsburgh.

This person secured a milk crate with bungee cable to their rear rack for extra storage. They have a coffee cup in the basket, which is sure to tip over and be jumbled about during riding. Cable lock is thin and is currently only securing the frame. The crate is open for all the world to steal this person's belongings.

This was one of the few bikes we saw that combined two locking mechanisms. A thick cable lock and a U-Lock are combined to secure the 3 major parts of the bike. The U-Lock keeps the frame safe even if the cable is broken. Added theft deterrent due to complexity.

This image shows how one user stores her bike lock while not in use (e.g. while riding or storage at home). User states that the provided mounting bracket does not fit her bike, so this is how she carries it. It sometimes gets in the way.

The main takeaways of this study are:

• Users have come up with ways to deal with shortcomings of locks, such as combining lock types or attaching a milk crate.
• Bike transmissions are not very weatherproof and require a lot of maintenance that people do not typically do.
• Few people use the provided mounting bracket to store their lock on their bike. Some designs will not fit every bike.
• People will lock their bikes to anything available that is secure enough.

Expert Interviews

ProBikes

Commonly sold bike was a Hybrid bike: a mix between a mountain and a road bike. Useful as a daily commuter and casual riding. Most popular accessory was lights by far. Most uncommon item or difficult to find item was a rear derailleur hanger. This is because there are many different types and styles. There is no standard so year, brand, and frame geometry all factor into what type of rear derailleur hanger you need.. Biggest complaint with bikes relates to shifting gears. Chains either are not lubricated, over lubricated, rusted, or they mis-shift. This generally falls on the user of the bike because they do not maintain their bike drivetrain properly. Maintenance issues were usually due to mileage, but the biggest mileage independant wear item was tires. Flat tires always happen and people come in asking for help with that. Maintenance items are tire levers, which help remove the tire from the hub, and inner tubes for tires. People are still afraid of using these by themselves though, so they have the shop do it for them. Generally stolen items are seatposts and lights. Usually people don’t seem to take tires anymore, mostly the whole bike. The guys at the shop said they wanted a lightweight and easy to carry lock that was still super secure.

Locksmith (Locksmith was out on call, but someone else in the store helped me)

Most of their work comes from replacing keys in old (100+ year old) houses. At this point it seems some lock components wear out. Generally, the locksmith only gets about 3 calls a year about bike locks and usually just cuts them with bolt cutters, if possible. Picking a bike lock is rarely done, at least by this place. The most secure type of lock is made by a company called Mul-T lock. They are apparently undrillable, unpickable, and if you break a key in them, you must replace the whole door. There are smaller variants of this type of lock. The key is really weird looking and damn near impossible to machine easily and you have to call the company with a special number to verify that you are the owner of the lock if you need a replacement key. The store’s hint for environmental protection was to spritz some WD-40 (no joke) into your lock every once in a while. It’ll flush out dirt and grime and not leave a residue. Also helps prevent freezing.

Stakeholder Interviews

Carnegie Mellon Cycling Team/Club

To get more informed comments and suggestions regarding bike locks and accessories, we contacted Carnegie Mellon’s Cycling Team and Club. Because they regularly ride bicycles and are more knowledgeable on the subject of bicycles, we thought that talking with them would be beneficial. When conversing with them we asked them to give their comments and suggestions about bike locks and other bike accessories, bike accessories that should exist but don’t yet, and the bike itself. What we learned is that they, just like the rest of the population who took the survey, have the same complaints and suggestions regarding bike locks. They want a bike lock that is more portable and has a better carrying attachment, does not scratch the bike frame, and is lighter but still strong and secure. They also informed us of two bike locks, the TiGr Lock and Hiplok, that work well. The TiGr Lock is a lightweight titanium bicycle lock that is long enough to lock both wheels and the frame^[x]. The Hiplok is a fabric covered chain lock that can be carried by the rider’s hips while cycling^[x]. We learned that in addition to a standard cable or U-Lock, they also used locking skewers. Most bikes today are equipped with quick release front and back wheels and seats, meaning that they are easy targets when not locked. Locking skewers replace the quick release wheel and seat skewers to prevent theft of these items. Each skewer has its own uniquely shaped nut and a matching key so a standard wrench would not be able to loosen the nut^[x]. When hearing their comments about other existing bike accessories we learned that they felt that there is room for improvement in multiple areas. The comments and suggestions we received for this area include: mounting tires is a pain, work stands and storage for bikes could be improved, the integration of turn and brake signals into bike locks, a higher factor of safety on helmets, an improved attachment system for panniers, and a solar powered bike light. When asked to come up with a bike accessory they would want that does not exist, we received suggestions such as, a bike dashboard, heated handlebars, and a car horn for bikes. Finally, we asked them if there could be any improvements done to the bicycle itself. The only suggestion we received was to design an anti-lock braking system to prevent the brakes from locking up and skidding.

Survey Results

Through the survey, we asked people about the type of bike lock they use, how and where they lock their bikes, basic demographic information about themselves, and asked them for anything they wish was different about their bike lock or other available products. We determined that most people use a U-lock, or a U-lock and a cable in combination so that they can lock more parts of their bike at once. Even then, many questioned the security of existing locks and wished that they were easier to carry, lighter, and more secure. In general, nearly everyone polled said that they lock the frame of their bike, with extra locking measures or better locks being able to also lock one or both wheels as well as the frame. The exception to this was with international respondents, where they were more likely to use a lock that while it would prevent the bike from being ridden away would not prevent someone from picking up the bike and walking away with it.

Respondents

By splitting into age ranges, we found that our respondents fit fairly evenly into 3 age groups, one from 18-22, one from 22-29, and one 30 & above. The majority of respondents are daily riders from urban areas, and came from 9 countries around the world, although primarily US residents. The most important contributions from out survey are summarized in the graphs below.

Survey Questions:

What type of bike lock do you use? (U-Lock, Cable Lock, Puck Lock, Other:_____)

What Parts of your bike do you lock? (Frame, Front Wheel, Back Wheel, Other:_____)

How do you carry your lock while you ride? (Backpack, Handlebars, Frame, On Person, Other:_____)

Where do you lock your bike most often?(Pole, Bike Rack, Tree, Itself, I don't lock my bike, Other:_____)

How long have you had your bike lock?(<2 years, 2-5 years, 5-10 years, >10 years)

Age Range(Under 18, 18-22, 23-29, 30&up)

What type of area do you most frequently use your bike(Urban, Suburban, Rural, Other:_____)

How frequently do you use your bike?(Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Sporadically)

What country do you live in?

Do you have any complaints, comments or suggestions about your bike lock?

Design Concepts

Chain Maintenance Casing

Attach a chain guard around the chain to protect from dust and other road debris, that will also periodically oil the chain for the user without any user input or action. There would be a roller over one section of the chain, likely near the derailleur that would apply the lube to the center of the chain where it can then soak into internals of the chain. The lube would be dispensed by a cartridge attached near the roller. This cartridge would either be a mechanical system of many chambers that will be broken by increasing amounts of cyclic loading, with each chamber breaking and releasing a small amount of lubrication periodically. The other option for the cartridge is to have a small powered system that tracks how many rotations the chain has made and after some x number of rotations, likely in the thousands, it will release an amount of lube appropriate to coat the chain.

sketches of design

The risks of this design are that it will be very hard to make a universal system, as bike drive trains have a large amount of variation, and the difficulty in properly storing and releasing lube in such a way that when applied it will not splatter the user.

Comparable products include the current chain guards that form a case around the bike chain to protect it from road grit and weather while simultaneously protecting a user from possible injury or fall due to a pant leg getting caught in the chain, such as the first imaged below, and attachable chain greasers that are attached periodically and temporarily to clean the chain and then removed, as in the second image below.

M-Wave Bicycle Chain Guard Cover (Black) found on Amazon.com

Finish Line Chain Cleaner Kit found on rei.com

Lock and Light Combo

Bike Lock Light Design Concept

This concept utilizes a main universal mounting bracket around the bike's handlebars. This mounting bracket will manage the light controls as well as house the batteries and house the U-Lock. The Lock will have LED's embedded in it, some designated for a headlight and some designated for front turn signals. The mounting bracket will contain lenses for focusing the headlamps.

There will also be a secondary lock on the back of the bike, over the rear wheel. It is a C-Lock, commonly used in The Netherlands. This lock works by jamming a pin between the spokes of the rear wheel, preventing rotation, making stealing a bike somewhat more difficult. We will integrate this lock with more lighting: a brake light and rear turn signals.

This concept is driven by the results of market research that stated that people tend to have their lights stolen fairly often, since no one takes them inside with them. We also address the issue of bike safety by having a proper lighting package for cyclists, giving them increased visibility and a greater ability to show their intent to other road users at night. Building the lighting package into the lock prevents the light from being stolen while the bike is parked.

Competitor Product: Heimdallr Lock Light by Kreima

Relatively new product on market from Taiwanese design company. Lock weighs about 1.4lbs, looks to be a hard plastic casing over some form of steel backbone^[x]. Lock features include bright LED front lights and high-positioned rear light. Rear light does not act as brake light and there are no turn signals. Mounting is accomplished through two places: a ring on the seat post for the rear light and a mount on the handlebars for the headlight.^[x]

Safety Radius

Self-Balancing Bike Basket

Heated Key/Lock De-Icer

From the survey results and from interactions with everyday bike users, we found that a big issue for bikes and bike accessories is coping with winter weather and temperatures. There were several comments regarding bike locks freezing making them very difficult to use, and there was a demand for making the overall bike riding system more weatherproof. As such, this design concept was generated in order to combat the issue of frozen locks and to help fulfill at least one part of the stakeholder need of making the bike riding system more weatherproof. With the heated key product, a user would be more comfortable using his or her bike and bike lock year round. It reduces the fear and concern of not being able to open your bike lock because the locking mechanism is frozen.

Overall, the product is a simple system. It will be handheld and have a chamber that will be heated through resistive heating. The power will come from two AA batteries, and the user simply has to insert his or her bike key into the chamber and press a button to complete the circuit and begin the heating. After a couple of minutes, the key will be heated due to conduction and radiation and can be removed and inserted into the lock to thaw the frozen locking mechanism allowing proper operation of the lock. There are several competing products

Final Design Concept

Pugh Chart

We utilized a Pugh chart to help us decide on which product concept to pursue.

The key used in the above chart is listed as follows:

Future Work

Using a Gantt Chart, we planned out a schedule for completing the upcoming project tasks. We used the Reports, Design Reviews, and team meetings as general milestones to help us organize our future work. Each task is given at least a week to be completed, and design iteration should be occurring constantly throughout a majority of the project. Stakeholder interviews are scheduled to occur around the prototyping phases to acquire feedback that can be used in conjunction with our own design assessments to further improve the design on its next iteration.

Gantt Chart Illustrating Future Work Plan

Team Roles

Appendix

100 Ideas

References

^[x] <http://tigrlock.com/>

^[x] <http://www.hiplok.com/>

^[x] <http://www.peterwhitecycles.com/pitlock.asp>

^[x]<http://bike-lock.ready-online.com/>

^[x] <http://mybikeshopsg.com/2011/06/11/looks-like-the-norse-gods-are-coming-2-in-1-designs-for-your-everyday-needs-from-kreima/>

^[x] <http://www.rei.com/product/722253/?cm_mmc=cse_PLA-_-pla-_-product-_-7222530011&finish-line-chain-cleaner-kit&preferredSku=7222530011&mr:trackingCode=34794FFE-FB85-DE11-B7F3-0019B9C043EB&mr:referralID=NA&mr:device=c&mr:adType=pla&mr:ad=20834093800&mr:keyword=&mr:match=&mr:filter=39033477280&msid=A0N9YqsE_dc|pcrid|20834093800|&{copy:s_kwcid}#reviewsTab>

^[x] <http://www.amazon.com/M-Wave-Bicycle-Chain-Guard-Cover/dp/B007Y5E9NS/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1393258733&sr=8-2&keywords=bike+chain+guard>

Stores We Talked To:

ProBikes in Squirrel Hill

Hardware and Locksmith in Squirrel Hill

Carnegie Mellon Cycling Team

Target Corporate Offices

Dick's Sporting Goods Corporate Offices