US environmental regulation policies for vehicles
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= US Federal Policies = | = US Federal Policies = | ||
| - | US | + | US government's energy policies and environmental regulations for light-duty vehicles. |
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! 2009 | ! 2009 | ||
| - | | | + | | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ('''ARRA''') || |
#Modified tax credits for alt. fuel infrastructure and plug-in hybrids. | #Modified tax credits for alt. fuel infrastructure and plug-in hybrids. | ||
#Expand funding to states and local for speeding up fleet turnover; i.e. replace old Diesel engine with new cleaner ones. | #Expand funding to states and local for speeding up fleet turnover; i.e. replace old Diesel engine with new cleaner ones. | ||
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! 2008 | ! 2008 | ||
| - | | '''EESA''' | + | | Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 ('''EESA''')|| |
#Modified and extended key tax credits for biofuels and other alternative fuels. | #Modified and extended key tax credits for biofuels and other alternative fuels. | ||
#Established a tax credit for the purchase of plug-in hybrids. | #Established a tax credit for the purchase of plug-in hybrids. | ||
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! 2008 | ! 2008 | ||
| - | | '''the 2008 Farm Bill''' | + | | Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ('''the 2008 Farm Bill''') || |
#Expended the biofuel programs initiated by the 2002 Farm Bill. | #Expended the biofuel programs initiated by the 2002 Farm Bill. | ||
#Reduced the tax credits for ethanol produced from corn and other conventional feedstocks (starting in 2009). | #Reduced the tax credits for ethanol produced from corn and other conventional feedstocks (starting in 2009). | ||
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! 2007 | ! 2007 | ||
| - | | | + | | Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ('''EISA''') || |
#Renewable fuel consumption target at 9.0 billion gallons in 2008 | #Renewable fuel consumption target at 9.0 billion gallons in 2008 | ||
#Renewable fuel consumption target at 36 billion gallons in 2022. EISA also mandates the use of 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuels. | #Renewable fuel consumption target at 36 billion gallons in 2022. EISA also mandates the use of 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuels. | ||
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! 2005 | ! 2005 | ||
| - | | '''EPAct 2005''' | + | | Energy Policy Act of 2005 ('''EPAct 2005''') || |
#Increased biofuel consumption to 4, 6.1 and 7.5 billion gallons by 2006, 2009 and 2012, respectively. | #Increased biofuel consumption to 4, 6.1 and 7.5 billion gallons by 2006, 2009 and 2012, respectively. | ||
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! 1992 | ! 1992 | ||
| - | | '''EPAct 1992''' | + | | Energy Policy Act of 1992 ('''EPAct 1992''') || |
#Requires the purchase of AFV in governmental fleet. | #Requires the purchase of AFV in governmental fleet. | ||
#State governments, and alternative fuel providers | #State governments, and alternative fuel providers | ||
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! 1975 | ! 1975 | ||
| - | | | + | | Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 ('''EPCA''') || |
#Established fuel economy standards for passenger cars and light trucks. | #Established fuel economy standards for passenger cars and light trucks. | ||
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=== Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) === | === Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) === | ||
| - | Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) is the required average fuel economy for a vehicle manufacturer's passenger cars and light trucks with gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of at most 8,500 lbs each year. | + | [[Corporate Average Fuel Economy]] (CAFE) is the required average fuel economy for a vehicle manufacturer's passenger cars and light trucks with gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of at most 8,500 lbs each year. |
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=== Gas Guzzler Tax === | === Gas Guzzler Tax === | ||
| - | + | Energy Tax Act of 1978 imposed set [[gas guzzler tax]] penalties on car manufacturers who fail to meet the minimum fuel economy level of 22.5 mpg. This does not include minivans, sport utility vehicles or pick-up trucks. It is intended to discourage the production and purchase of fuel inefficient vehicles. | |
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| - | [[Emission | + | === Emission Standards === |
| + | [[Emission Standards]] | ||
== Proposed policies == | == Proposed policies == | ||
Revision as of 14:43, 23 March 2009
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In an effort to conserve national energy and to improve automobile efficiency, Congress enacted laws that help motivate vehicle manufacturers to invest in research and manufacturing of vehicles with higher fuel economy and better efficiency.
This list was compiled to gain a better understanding of U.S. policies on vehicle regulations and the effect they have on manufacturers and consumers. We wish to use this information in our optimization model, combining influence of policy with engineering goals and market demands and.
This is not exhausted list but it will be updated further ASAP.
Contents |
US Federal Policies
US government's energy policies and environmental regulations for light-duty vehicles.
| Year | Bill | Discriptions |
|---|---|---|
| 2009 | American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) |
|
| 2008 | Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA) |
|
| 2008 | Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (the 2008 Farm Bill) |
|
| 2007 | Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) |
|
| 2005 | Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) |
|
| 1992 | Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) |
|
| 1975 | Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA) |
|
Current Policies
Federal environmental regulation policies for vehicles that are already enforced.
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) is the required average fuel economy for a vehicle manufacturer's passenger cars and light trucks with gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of at most 8,500 lbs each year.
Gas Guzzler Tax
Energy Tax Act of 1978 imposed set gas guzzler tax penalties on car manufacturers who fail to meet the minimum fuel economy level of 22.5 mpg. This does not include minivans, sport utility vehicles or pick-up trucks. It is intended to discourage the production and purchase of fuel inefficient vehicles.
Emission Standards
Proposed policies
Policies that is proposed and maybe put into effect as US national environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
CAFE Revision
The proposal entitled as "Pryor-Bond-Levin" amendment. (June, 21, 2007)
The current Senate energy bill requires automakers to average 35 miles per gallon for cars and trucks combined by 2020 and then face annual 4 percent increases through 2030, ending up with a 52 mpg standard.
"Pryor-Bond-Levin" amendment would raise passenger car CAFE mandates to 33 mpg by 2022 and trucks to 30 mpg by 2025. Lawmakers are now trying to fashion an alternative that would find some middle ground between the energy bill and the Pryor-Bond-Levin proposal, which had won the support of automakers.
Google news - Senators offer new CAFE plan June, 21, 2007
US States Policies
State-wide environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
Current Policies
State-wide environmental regulation policies for vehicles that are already enforced.
Feebate
A feebate is a policy to strengthen the market for environmentally preferable vehicles by charging a fee or paying a rebate to purchasers, depending on environmental performance and fuel efficiency of the vehicles.
California
Several important environmental regulations in California follows:
- Alternative Fuel Tax
- Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Requirements
- Emission Reduction Requirements
- Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements
California environmental regulation policies for vehicles
New York
Several important environmental regulations in Mew York follows:
-Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements
-Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Sales Requirement
-Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Economy Requirements – New York City
New York state environmental regulation policies for vehicles
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as US state environmental regulation policies for vehicles. (not updated yet)
EU Policies
European environmental regulation policies for vehicle.
Current Policies
European regulation policies for vehicle that is already enforced.
(Soon to be updated)
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as European environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
An Energy Policy for Europe (10/01/2007 )
Three-year action plan toward a common European every policy that would improve the continent's precarious energy security.
Canada Policies
Canadian environmental regulation policies for vehicle.
Current Policies
Canadian regulation policies for vehicle that is already enforced.
Fuel Economy
Currently there is no Fuel Economy set in Canada. However, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper has said that for the first time ever, Canada “will regulate the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles, beginning with the 2011 model year.”
See related article below.
Canada Will Regulate Vehicle Fuel Economy
Feebate
Canada uses Feebate system measures to encourage fuel-efficient vehicle purchase
-Green Levy (the gas guzzler tax): C$1000 to C$4000 tax on new passenger car vehicles (excluding trucks) with fuel consumption of 13.1 1/100km combined (18 mpg) or more
-Rebates: up to C$2000 in rebates for new cars getting 6.5 1/100km (36 mpg) or better and new light trucks getting 8.3 1/100km (28.3 mpg) or better
-Fuels: C$2.5 billion over seven years allocated towards an operating incentive to producers of renewable alternative to gasoline.
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as Canadian environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
(Soon to be updated)
Asia
Asian countries' environmental regulation policies for vehicle.
Current Policies
Asian countries' regulation policies for vehicle that is already enforced.
Japan's Fuel Economy
We are still looking into this information and will be updated ASAP.
Proposed policies
Proposed policies that may be put into effect as Asian countris' environmental regulation policies for vehicles.
-Japan's higher Fuel Economy Regulation (April 2006)
-Fuel Economy Standards for Large Trucks and Buses (Dec 2006)
Japan's proposed environmental regulation policies for vehicles
References
- EPA’s Fuel Economy and Emissions Programs
- NHSTA CAFE Overview
- U.S. Department of Energy - State & Federal Incentives & Laws
- FuelEconomy.gov Frequently Asked Questions
- Emission Standard Wikipedia
- Green Car Congress
- Google news - Senators offer new CAFE plan June, 21, 2007
- Canada will regulate vehicle fuel economy
- Canada Introduces Measures to Encourage Fuel-Efficient Vehicle Purchases
