Snowboard
From DDL Wiki
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| Fixes upper part of boot to binding | | Fixes upper part of boot to binding | ||
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| Attaches buckle and fixes lower part of boot | | Attaches buckle and fixes lower part of boot | ||
| - | | Injection | + | | Injection Molding |
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| Holds rear of boot | | Holds rear of boot | ||
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| Fixes upper part of boot | | Fixes upper part of boot | ||
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Revision as of 17:45, 11 February 2012
Contents |
Executive Summary
Stakeholders
We have identified four major stakeholders in the life cycle of the competitor's product: the user, the retailer, the manufacturer and the shipping company. Below is a list of the needs of each stakeholder concerning the product.
Users
The user is the main person to use the product, therefore his needs are the ones that should be first taken into consideration when redesigning the competitor's product.
- Low price
- Light with sufficient rigidity and flexibility
- Durable
- Board should have sharp edges but remain safe to carry
- Adjustability and strength of bindings
- Ergonomics of bindings: they should be easy to strap on and release
- Appearance, branding
Retailers
The needs of the retailer are centered around making profit by selling the product, and facilitating the after-sales service.
- Profitability
- Appearance, branding, appeal
- Easy to store: small weight and dimensions
- Serviceability: standardization of parts
Manufacturers
The needs of the manufacturers are aimed at easy and cheap manufacturability.
- Simple geometries
- Limited number of parts
- Cheap materials that are easy to work with
- Cheap manufacturing processes
- No toxic materials
- Easy to store: small weight and dimensions
Shipping Companies
The shipping companies want an easy to carry product.
- Package should be light and compact
- Durable: resistance to vibrations and shock
- Replacement parts must be easily shippable
Use Study
The main steps in using the product are listed below.
- Travel to mountain and ski resort
- Purchase ticket
- Put on boots, hat, gloves
- Strap front foot into binding
- Take ski lift and get to the top of mountain
- Strap rear foot into binding
- Go down the slope: set edge, shift center of gravity and twist board to turn, traversing the fall line
- Unstrap rear foot and return to step 5
Mechanical Function
Product Parts
Exploded Assembly
Bill of Materials
Table: Components of Snowboard
| Part # | Part Name | Quantity | Material | Function | Manufacturing process | Weight [g] | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Screw (1) | 8 | Steel | Fixes bindings to board | 5 | 
| |
| 2 | Washer (1) | 4 | Steel | Protects piece from screw | 0.75 | 
| |
| 3 | Nuts (1) | 4 | Steel | Attach strap to binding | 8 | 
| |
| 5 | Buckle Screw | 1 | Steel | Attaches buckle to strap | <1 | 
| |
| 6 | Strap (1) | 1 | Plastic | Fixes upper part of boot to binding | Injection Molding | 16 | 
|
| 7 | Plastic Piece (1) | 1 | Plastic | <1 | 
| ||
| 8 | Screw (2) | 1 | Steel | 9 | 
| ||
| 9 | Screw (3) | 1 | Steel | 4 | 
| ||
| 11 | Metal Ring | 4 | Steel | Protect plate (n°18) from screws | 1.5 | 
| |
| 12 | Screw (4) | 1 | Steel | <1 | 
| ||
| 13 | Large Anchor Nut | 1 | Steel | Attaches foam pad (n°46) to straps (n°-) | <1 | 
| |
| 14 | Small Anchor Nut | 1 | Steel | Fixes strap (n°22) | <1 | 
| |
| 15 | Angle Limiter | 1 | Plastic | Limits angle of pad (n°24) | Injection Molding | 10 | 
|
| 16 | Plastic Square | 1 | Plastic | Attaches angle limiter (n°15) to pad (n°24) | Injection Molding | 9 | 
|
| 17 | Strap (2) | 1 | Plastic | Fixes lower part of boot to binding | Injection Molding | 9 | 
|
| 18 | Circular Plate | 1 | Plastic | Allows different angles between board and binding | Injection | 68 | 
|
| 19 | Pad (1) | 1 | Foam | Softens connection between leg and binding | 6 | 
| |
| 20 | Washer (2) | 1 | Steel | <1 | 
| ||
| 21 | Strap (3) | 1 | Plastic | Attaches buckle and fixes lower part of boot | Injection Molding | 10 | 
|
| 22 | Strap (4) | 1 | Leather | Fixes lower part of boot | 33 | 
| |
| 23 | Nut (2) | 1 | Steel | <1 | 
| ||
| 24 | Pad (2) | 1 | Plastic | Holds rear of boot | Injection Molding | 133 | 
|
| 25 | Base | 1 | Plastic | Frame of binding | Injection Molding | 276 | 
|
| 26 | Damper | 1 | Rubber | Dampers vibrations and shocks from board to binding | 79 | 
| |
| 27 | Metal Fixation (1) | 1 | Steel | Frame of buckle | 12 | 
| |
| 28 | Lever (1) | 1 | Plastic | Opens or closes buckle | 5 | 
| |
| 29 | Metal Fixation (2) | 1 | Steel | Frame of buckle | 12 | 
| |
| 30 | Rivet (1) | 1 | Steel | Connects angle limiter (n°15) pieces | <1 | 
| |
| 31 | Rivet (2) | 6 | Steel | Connects buckle pieces | 1 | 
| |
| 32 | Washer (3) | 1 | Steel | <1 | 
| ||
| 33 | Metal Fixation (3) | 1 | Steel | Frame of buckle | 26 | 
| |
| 34 | Lever (2) | 1 | Aluminium | Opens or closes buckle | 19 | 
| |
| 35 | Plastic Piece (2) | 1 | Plastic | Holds buckle pieces in place | Injection Molding | 4 | 
|
| 36 | Spring (1) | 1 | Steel | Returns lever to original position | <1 | 
| |
| 37 | Rivet (3) | 1 | Steel | Connects buckle pieces | <1 | 
| |
| 38 | Rivet (4) | 1 | Steel | Connects buckle pieces | <1 | 
| |
| 39 | Plastic Piece (3) | 1 | Plastic | Holds buckle pieces in place | Injection | 5 | 
|
| 40 | Metal Fixation (4) | 1 | Steel | Frame of buckle | 22 | 
| |
| 41 | Lever (3) | 1 | Plastic | Opens or closes buckle | Injection Molding | 4 | 
|
| 42 | Plastic Piece (4) | 1 | Plastic | Holds buckle pieces in place | Injection | <1 | 
|
| 43 | Spring (2) | 1 | Steel | Returns lever to original position | <1 | 
| |
| 45 | Board | 1 | Steel, Resin, Plastic | Glides on snow and cuts ice with its edges, frame of bindings | 3518 | 
| |
| 46 | Foam Pad | 1 | Foam | Softens connection between foot and strap | 49 | 
| |
| 47 | Plastic Retainer | 1 | Plastic | Fixes upper part of boot | Injection Molding | 65 | 
|
| 48 | Bolt | 1 | Steel | Connects foam pad (n°46) to retainer (n°47) | <1 | 
|
Design for Manufacture and Assembly
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Design for Environment
A snowboard has very low greenhouse gas emissions in use. The only emissions associated with use are the additional emissions from transport, which we consider negligable if transported inside a vehicle, but could be significant if transported externally, as for example on the roof of a car which would add drag.
The emissions caused by the added drag can be estimated by considering a increase in fuel consumption of 5% when using a ski rack [X]. When estimating an average driving distance to snowboard as 200 miles, a car with 20 miles/gallon, 5 trips/year, a 10 year life span and an average of 3 snowboards in the rack, the amount of gas needed to compensate for the ski rack can be estimated to 8.3 gallons. Considering 8.9 kg CO2 per gallon of gas [Y], the total CO2 emissions from the use of a snowboard is approximately 75 kg. For such a rough estimate it is natural to round it to the order of magnitude of 0.1t CO2.
To estimate the amount of CO2 emissions from manufacturing we used the EIO-LCA method. This gave a total of manufacturing emissions as 0.25t CO2 when considering an average price of 400$ for a snowboard.
Table [Z]: CO2 emissions for 1 million $ spent in the sporting and athletic goods manufacturing sector
However the method is very unprecise in our case as snowboards only represents a small fraction of the sporting and athletic goods manufacturing sector, so the value found represents the average emissions from all sports equipment which could vary enormously from one product to another.
The estimated total CO2 emissions from the board are thus 0.35t. The conclusions are that if a tax of 40$ per ton CO2 is implemented, the snowboard would cost 14 dollars more, which could be a significant increase to manufactures. Transporting the snowboard accounts for around 30% of this CO2 cost and reducing this is what our group identifies as the main area to improve the snowboards carbon footprint.
references:
[X] http://editorial.autos.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=435406 [Y] http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html
